Can my homeowners association prevent the installation of antennas for fixed wireless equipment?

Absolutely not, in 99.99% of circumstances.  The FCC telecommunications Act of 1996 protects residents and tenents from any limitations.  Click on the following link to read the actual FCC fact sheet, specifically discussing how associations are prevented from restricting your access to the provider of your choice: http://www.fcc.gov/mb/facts/otard.html